Reference LGR for language: Finnish (fi) | lgr-second-level-finnish-language-18may21-en |
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This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.
Date | 2021-05-18 |
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LGR Version | 2 (Second Level Reference LGR) |
Language | fi (Finnish Language) |
Unicode Version | 6.3.0 |
This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules for Finnish using a limited repertoire as appropriate for a second level domain.
Most references converge on 30 Latin code points.
The list of IDN characters by the .fi ccTLD includes the core Finnish alphabet as well as extensions for the Sami languages written in Finland.
Letters documented in some references but not included:
U+00E0 (à) LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
U+00E7 (ç) LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
U+00E8 (è) LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
U+00E9 (é) LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
U+00EA (ê) LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
U+00EB (ë) LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
U+00ED (í) LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
U+00EE (î) LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
U+00EF (ï) LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
U+00F0 (ð) LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH
The following code points are not included in the current repertoire;they are extensions needed to write Lule Sami, Skolt Sami, and Northern Sami, minority languages in Finland.
U+010D (č) LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON
U+0111 (đ) LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE
U+014B (ŋ) LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG
U+0167 (ŧ) LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE
U+01E5 (ǥ) LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE
U+01E7 (ǧ) LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON
U+01E9 (ǩ) LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON
U+01EF (ǯ) LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON
U+0292 (ʒ) LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH
Note: the code point U+00E1 (á) LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE (Northern Sami, Inari Sami) is already part of the core repertoire for other uses and the code point U+00F5 (õ) LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE (Skolt Sami) is part of set of extended code points.
A number of letters not considered essential to writing the core vocabulary of the language are nevertheless in common use. Where they have not been added to the core repertoire, they are flagged as "extended-cp" in the table of code points. A context is provided that by default will prohibit labels with extended code points. To support extended single code points or code point sequences, delete the context "extended-cp" from their repertoire definition.
None.
This LGR defines no named character classes.
Common rules only:
Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in section 4.2.3.1 of RFC5891 [120]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in section 4.2.3.2 of RFC5891 [120].
Actions included are the default actions for LGRs as well as those needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks.
This reference LGR for Finnish for the 2nd Level has been developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, verified in expert reviews by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.
Language tag has been updated.
General references for the language:
Finska språbykrån. 1992. In Icelandic Council for Standardization. 1992. Nordic cultural requirements on information technology. Reykjavík: Staðlaráð Íslands. ISBN 9979-9004-3-1
Wikipedia: "Finnish orthography",
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_alphabet
Omniglot: Finnish (suomi)
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/finnish.htm
In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. For more details, see the Table of References below.
Number of elements in repertoire | 43 | ||||
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Number of extended elements | 6 | ||||
Total entries in table | 49 | ||||
Number of code points for each script |
|
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Longest code point sequence | 1 |
The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.
Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings or optional code points as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.
Code Point |
Glyph | Script | Name | Ref | Required Context | Part of Repertoire |
Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U+002D | - | Common | HYPHEN-MINUS | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | not: hyphen-minus-disallowed | ✔ | |
U+0030 | 0 | Common | DIGIT ZERO | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0031 | 1 | Common | DIGIT ONE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0032 | 2 | Common | DIGIT TWO | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0033 | 3 | Common | DIGIT THREE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0034 | 4 | Common | DIGIT FOUR | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0035 | 5 | Common | DIGIT FIVE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0036 | 6 | Common | DIGIT SIX | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0037 | 7 | Common | DIGIT SEVEN | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0038 | 8 | Common | DIGIT EIGHT | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0039 | 9 | Common | DIGIT NINE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0061 | a | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0062 | b | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER B | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0063 | c | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C | [0], [100], [302], [402], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0064 | d | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0065 | e | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0066 | f | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER F | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0067 | g | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0068 | h | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER H | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0069 | i | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+006A | j | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER J | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+006B | k | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER K | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+006C | l | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+006D | m | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER M | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+006E | n | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+006F | o | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0070 | p | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER P | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0071 | q | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Q | [0], [100], [302], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0072 | r | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER R | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0073 | s | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0074 | t | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0075 | u | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0076 | v | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER V | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0077 | w | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER W | [0], [100], [302], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0078 | x | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER X | [0], [100], [302], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+0079 | y | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+007A | z | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [601] | ✔ | ||
U+00E1 | á | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE | [0], [402], [700] | ✔ | ||
U+00E2 | â | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [402], [700] | ✔ | ||
U+00E3 | ã | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE | [0], [402] | ✔ | ||
U+00E4 | ä | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [501], [603], [604], [700] | ✔ | ||
U+00E5 | å | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE | [0], [100], [302], [401], [501], [603], [604], [700] | ✔ | ||
U+00E6 | æ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER AE | [0], [302] | extended-cp | ◯ | |
U+00F5 | õ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE | [0], [200], [302], [503], [700] | extended-cp | ◯ | |
U+00F6 | ö | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [100], [301], [401], [501], [603], [604], [700] | ✔ | ||
U+00F8 | ø | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE | [0], [302], [503] | extended-cp | ◯ | |
U+00FC | ü | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [302], [503] | extended-cp | ◯ | |
U+0161 | š | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON | [0], [401], [503], [604], [700] | extended-cp | ◯ | |
U+017E | ž | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON | [0], [401], [503], [604], [700] | extended-cp | ◯ |
This LGR does not specify any variants.
The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).
Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
implicit | Tag=sc:Latn | 38 | {0061-007A 00E1-00E6 00F5-00F6 00F8 00FC 0161 017E} | Any character tagged as Latin | |
implicit | Tag=sc:Zyyy | 11 | {002D 0030-0039} | Any character tagged as Common |
The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.
Name | Regular Expression | Used as Trigger |
Anchor | Used as Context |
Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
leading-combining-mark | (start)[∅=[[∅=\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [∅=\p{gc=Mc}]]] |
✔ | [120] | RFC5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks | ||
hyphen-minus-disallowed | (((start))← ⚓︎)|(⚓︎ →((end)))|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎) |
✔ | C | [120] | RFC5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D (-) | |
extended-cp | (start)(end) |
C | code points from the extended range |
The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.
# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set | Disposition | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid | by default, labels with leading combining marks are invalid | |
2 | if any label (catch-all) | → | valid | catch all |
The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR.
[0] | The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0,
(Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/ Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1 |
[100] | Internetstiftelsen i Sverige (IIS), "IDN Reference table for Finnish language"
https://github.com/dotse/IDN-ref-tables/blob/master/language-tables/finnish-lang-ref-table.txt |
[120] | RFC5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891 |
[200] | ISO/IEC 6937 Third Ed. 2001-12-17- Information
technology — Coded graphic character set for text communication — Latin alphabet:
Table D.1 (p 35) Use of Latin alphabetic characters. This table lists only the characters outside the set a-z |
[301] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: "Finnish" http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/finnish.pdf Code points cited form the standard set |
[302] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: "Finnish" http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/finnish.pdf Code points cited are from an extended set |
[304] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: "Finnish" http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/finnish.pdf Code points cited are rare or archaic |
[401] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) Version 28 (2015-09-16) -
Locale Data Summary for Finnish [fi] http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/fi.html Code points cited are from the set of Main Letters |
[402] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) Version 28 (2015-09-16) -
Locale Data Summary for Finnish [fi] http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/fi.html Code points cited are from the Auxiliary set |
[501] | Finska språbykrån. 1992. In Icelandic Council for Standardization. 1992.
Nordic cultural requirements on information technology. Reykjavík: Staðlaráð Íslands. ISBN 9979-9004-3-1 Code points cited are of category 1: Letters essential for the language |
[502] | Finska språbykrån. 1992. In Icelandic Council for Standardization. 1992.
Nordic cultural requirements on information technology. Reykjavík: Staðlaráð Íslands. ISBN 9979-9004-3-1 Code points cited are of category 2: Letters commonly used, but not essential |
[503] | Finska språbykrån. 1992. In Icelandic Council for Standardization. 1992.
Nordic cultural requirements on information technology. Reykjavík: Staðlaráð Íslands. ISBN 9979-9004-3-1 Code points cited are of category 3: Letters used for names, in common practice |
[504] | Finska språbykrån. 1992. In Icelandic Council for Standardization. 1992.
Nordic cultural requirements on information technology. Reykjavík: Staðlaráð Íslands. ISBN 9979-9004-3-1 Code points cited are of category 4: Letters that are rarely used |
[603] | ISO/IEC 646:1991 — Information
technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange Code points cited are supported in a national edition of ISO-646. |
[601] | Wikipedia: "Latin Alphabets"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabets - accessed 2015-10-31 According to this reference, the alphabet is listed as using the full basic set A-Z |
[604] | Wikipedia: "Latin Alphabets" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabets accessed 2015-10-31 The table only lists code points beyond A-Z |
[605] | Wikipedia: "Finnish orthography"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_orthography- Code points cited are listed as in extended use --s s and z caron as recommended for transcribing foreign words |
[700] | Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority, (fi-domain) "Native language characters in domain names"
https://domain.fi/info/en/index/hakeminen/mitavoihakea/aakkoset.html |